How can we develop talent? - Let them have your back! 

사람의 재능을 키우려면 - 앞을 보고 가르치려 하기 보단 당신의 등을 내주세요.

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Theory by Lev Vygotsky

What Is the Zone of Proximal Development? (Reference #1)

The zone of proximal development refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.

Thus, the term “proximal” refers to those skills that the learner is “close” to mastering.

The concept, zone of proximal development was developed by Soviet psychologist and social constructivist Lev Vygotsky (1896 – 1934).

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) has been defined as:

"the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-olving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers" (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86).

Vygotsky believed that when a student is in the zone of proximal development for a particular task, providing the appropriate assistance will give the student enough of a "boost" to achieve the task.

To assist a person to move through the zone of proximal development, educators are encouraged to focus on three important components which aid the learning process:

The presence of someone with knowledge and skills beyond that of the learner (a more knowledgeable other).

More Knowledgeable Other

The more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept.

Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an older adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a child's peers or an adult's children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience.

Social Interaction

Social interactions with a skillful tutor that allow the learner to observe and practice their skills.

According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor. The tutor may model behaviors and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as cooperative or collaborative dialogue.

The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to guide or regulate their own performance.

Scaffolding, or supportive activities provided by the educator, or more competent peer to support the student as he or she is led through the ZPD.

A coward cannot raise a warrior!  

In order to develop the next generation talent, we need to let a cup have our back to secure and grow itself behind our back. 

This means that we need to confront many threats and challenges from the outside to protect our apprentice. 

Image source: 본초비담

Reference: 

McLeod, S. A. (2019). What Is the zone of proximal development?. Simply psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/Zone-of-Proximal-Development.html

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

============

by Jeonghwan (Jerry) Choi, PhD, MBA, ME

Nov. 30, 2020

The Purpose of Life is ... ! 

(왜 사냐고 묻거든...)

From the ontology point of view, "Energy" is the only the 'being thing' and the purpose of life is to create or reorganize energy. 

Three objectives of creating energy are: 

1. The energy we create is to be happy (Hedonic perspective for personal satisfaction). 

2. The energy we create is to be utilizable (Utilitarian perspective for social well-being). 

3. The energy we create is to be meaningful (Epistemological perspective for self-transcendence).  

존재론적 관점에서 오직 "에너지" 만이 존재하는 무엇이라 할 수 있고, 따라서 인생의 목적은 에너지를 창조하거나 바람직한 방향으로 재구성 하는 것이다. 

에너지 창조와 재구성의 세가지 목적은:  

1. 우리가 만들어내는 에너지는 행복을 위한 것이다 (쾌락주의 관점에서 개인의 만족을 위한 것).

2. 우리가 만들어내는  에너지는 쓸모있기 위한 것이다 (공리주의 관점에서 사회의 웰빙 - 참살이를 위한 것). 

3. 우리가 만들어내는 에너지는 의미있기 위한 것이다 (인식론적 관점에서 참된 깨달음을 통한 자기 초월을 위한 것).    

Jeonghwan Choi, PhD, MBA, ME

Added descriptions: Mar. 2019

Published Original: Jan. 2019

A Life Irony - Ernest Hemingway

The best people possess 

a feeling for beauty, 

the courage to take risks, 

the discipline to tell the truth, 

the capacity for sacrifice. 

Ironically, their virtues make them vulnerable; they are often wounded, sometimes destroyed."

- Ernest Hemingway

This is a Life Irony.

I thought a lot about this and my tentative idea is 'This world is an 'experimental silo' to harden a good human soul for another purpose.

Without falling, we cannot learn how to stand. 
Without hurting, we cannot learn how to heal. 
Without disgusting, we cannot learn what is the beauty. 
Without paradox, we cannot transform.

Jeonghwan (Jerry) Choi, PhD, MBA, ME

Nov. 19, 2017

A New Management Paradigm: From CD to LP. 

Recently, the CD (compact disc) is disappearing while the LP is emerging as a luxury good in MP3 era.

In management field of study, the traditional CD paradigm (Control & Demand) is transforming to LP paradigm (Listen and Persuade) in recent Industry 4.0 era.

As technology advances, "Humanistic Management" is becoming more essential. 

Dr. Jeonghwan (Jerry) Choi,   

April 22, 2017. 

The Our Father, 

Our Father, Who art in Heaven, 

Hallowed be Thy name; 

Thy Kingdom come, 

Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. 

Give us this day our daily bread; and

Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us; and 

Lead us not into temptation, but 

Deliver us from evil. 

Amen.

주님의 기도, 

(내 가운데, 참) 하늘에 계신 우리 아버지,

(마태오 5:43-48: 하늘을 사랑하는 것과 같이 죄인을 포함하여 모든 사람을 사랑한다는 깊은 믿음을 바탕으로 세상에 나아가) 아버지의 이름이 거룩히 빛나시며

(마태오 13:31-32: 작디 작은 겨자씨같이 잉태된 너희 가운데 있는 따뜻하고 정의롭고 평화롭고 참된) 아버지의 나라가 오시며

(티모테오 2:4: 모든 사람이 구원을 받고 진리를 깨닳게 한다는 것과 당신께서 우리를 사랑하는 것과 같이 우리도 서로 사랑하라는) 아버지의 뜻이 하늘에서와 같이 땅에서도 이루어지소서!

(귀한 영적 존재이지만 또한 작고 약한 존재로의 ‘사람’인 저희에게) 오늘 저희에게 일용할 (物的, 心的, 靈的) 양식을 주시고

(우리 스스로를 속이는 것을 모르고 죄를 짓고 있으므로, 우리 스스로를 좀 너그러이 용서하도록) 저희에게 잘못한 이를 저희가 용서하오니, 저희 죄를 용서하시고

(욕심은 많으나 용기가 없어 참된 용서를 구하기 어려워하게되어 결국은 절망과 미움으로 빠지기 쉬운) 저희를 유혹에 빠지지 않게 하시고 

(요한계시록 22-21: ‘마라나타’ 아버지께서 속히 오셔서 저희를) 악에서 구하소서.

아멘.

2015년 7월 21일, 최 정환 Thomas Jeremiah.

Three Natural Laws for Excellent Leaders. 

I. Law of Attraction

“Feel Good, this is the only order from the Universe” 

Positive thinking and feeling attract positive consequences. 

“Don’t be afraid of taking good things. Simply appreciate it.” 

Be thankful to what you are and what you have now. 

“Attractiveness rather than Competitiveness” 

Be bright, gentle, confident, and disciplined. 

II. Law of Action-Reaction

“Act rather than react” 

20% current investment in the first thing (important / not-urgent) draws 80% of desirable consequences. 

“Be a Master of Every Situation”

Be Self-directed: 

• Bring a new idea; 
• Take initiative; 
• Redesign works; 
• Go against established rules if necessary. 

“Dominate the initial 30 minutes”: 

Solely focus on a task for 30 minutes. 

Win over the ‘Frame War’ with R. S. C.  

• Relevancy
• Simple
• Constructive

III. Law of Energy Creation

“Create Energy Waves to Perform”

Manage your ‘Energy’ not your Time 

• Physical: Sleep well and Exercise  
• Emotional: Act without expectations
• Mental: Control distractions 
• Spiritual: Do what you can perform well

“Create Multiple Capitals”

• Financial capital: Increase revenue; Reduce expense. 
• Communal capital: Practice the “Tit-for-Tat” to build a trust. 
• Relational capital: Give positive and developmental feedback.
• Human capital: Perform to learn / Learn to perform. 
• Psychological capital: Self-efficacy, Hope, Optimism, Resiliency. 
• Physiological capital: Create brain and muscle power.
• Spiritual capital: Sharpen your sense of purpose. 

source: 

1. The Multiple Capitals Model: 

http://blogs.accaglobal.com/2012/10/03/the-multiple-capitals-model/

2. Toward Integrated Reporting: Communicating Value in the 21st Century. 

http://theiirc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/IR-Discussion-Paper-2011_spreads.pdf

3. Five Capitals: 

http://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/five-capitals/overview

10 Inspirational Quotes from Navy SEAL Training

1. It Pays to be a Winner. 

2. It May, or May Not, Pay to be a Winner. 

3. We’re Not going to Stop Until We Get at Least One Quitter. 

4. Nothing Lasts Forever. 

5. You Don’t Have to Like It, You Just Have to Do It. 

6. Push ‘Em Out. 

7. If You're Gonna Be Stupid, You Better Be Hard

8. There Are Two Ways to Do Something ... the Right Way, and Again.

9. It’s All Mind Over Matter, If I Don't Mind, Then it Doesn't Matter. 

10. On Your Backs, on Your Bellies, on Your Backs, on Your Bellies. Feet!

Bonus: Anybody Want to Quit?

source: http://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/232209#1