How can we develop talent? - Let them have your back!
사람의 재능을 키우려면 - 앞을 보고 가르치려 하기 보단 당신의 등을 내주세요.
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Theory by Lev Vygotsky
What Is the Zone of Proximal Development? (Reference #1)
The zone of proximal development refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Thus, the term “proximal” refers to those skills that the learner is “close” to mastering.
The concept, zone of proximal development was developed by Soviet psychologist and social constructivist Lev Vygotsky (1896 – 1934).
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) has been defined as:
"the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-olving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers" (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86).
Vygotsky believed that when a student is in the zone of proximal development for a particular task, providing the appropriate assistance will give the student enough of a "boost" to achieve the task.
To assist a person to move through the zone of proximal development, educators are encouraged to focus on three important components which aid the learning process:
The presence of someone with knowledge and skills beyond that of the learner (a more knowledgeable other).
More Knowledgeable Other
The more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept.
Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an older adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a child's peers or an adult's children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience.
Social Interaction
Social interactions with a skillful tutor that allow the learner to observe and practice their skills.
According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor. The tutor may model behaviors and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as cooperative or collaborative dialogue.
The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to guide or regulate their own performance.
Scaffolding, or supportive activities provided by the educator, or more competent peer to support the student as he or she is led through the ZPD.
A coward cannot raise a warrior!
In order to develop the next generation talent, we need to let a cup have our back to secure and grow itself behind our back.
This means that we need to confront many threats and challenges from the outside to protect our apprentice.
That’s the criteria for getting hired at Netflix. Or at least it was in the early years when Patty McCord was the chief talent officer. In my interview with her for FranklinCovey’s On Leadership series, she talked about the genesis of the now-famous Netflix Culture Deck. A key standard for hiring was fairly simple—were you a fully formed adult? Patty also suggested that Reed Hastings, the CEO, challenged the idea by stating, “It’s a journey; nobody is truly formed.” But at least they should be well on their way.
What does a fully formed adult look like? Since my wife will read this, I’ll admit upfront I certainly don’t qualify—but in the immortal words of the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart when describing obscenity, “I know it when I see it.”
A fully formed adult? I know it when I see it.
Immediately a list of traits comes to mind:
Someone who takes responsibility for their life and blames nobody else. They recognize that their life, successes, and failures are byproducts of their decisions, not their circumstances. They calibrate their emotions and don’t overreact to other people’s crisis and insecurities.
They have a vision for what their life looks like and have discovered, or are uncovering, their mission and purpose. They build the capacity to look long term and think strategically about their decisions and actions.
These people are clear on their values and priorities and align their time, attention, and energy toward them. Their ability to resist the lure of urgency addiction is undeniable.
They enter all relationships, projects, meetings, and every interpersonal interaction thinking about how everyone can succeed. They truly want what’s best for everyone, while recognizing that’s not always possible and can, when needed, say no or agree to part ways, diplomatically with relationships intact.
While recognizing the value of strong verbal communication skills, they also understand the role empathy plays in all relationships and strive to achieve that through more disciplined listening skills. They selflessly invest in listening to others’ situations and points of view without interrupting, judging, or jumping to conclusions.
They do not just tolerate differences, they actually value and respect varied opinions, perspectives, and fields of experiences. Their level of personal maturity drives a balance of curiosity and respect for other people, including and especially those most unlike themselves.
They’re multi-dimensional. They live balanced lives by varying their interests and continually building their skills in every area of their life while encouraging others to do the same.
Those seven points are what quickly comes to my mind when I think about a fully formed adult.
About the Author
Scott Miller is a 23-year associate of FranklinCovey and serves as the executive vice president of thought leadership. Scott hosts multiple podcasts including FranklinCovey’s On Leadership and Great Life, Great Career. Additionally, Scott is the author of the multi-week Amazon #1 New Release: Management Mess to Leadership Success: 30 Challenges to Become the Leader You Would Follow. Scott authors a weekly leadership column for Inc.com and is a frequent contributor for Thrive Global. Previously Scott worked for the Disney Development Company, having grown up in Central Florida, and currently lives in Salt Lake City, Utah, with his wife and three sons.
There was a scholar of the law* who stood up to test him and said, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?”x
Jesus said to him, “What is written in the law? How do you read it?”
He said in reply, “You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your being, with all your strength, and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself.”
He replied to him, “You have answered correctly; do this and you will live.”
But because he wished to justify himself, he said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”
===================================
After this, the Parable of the Good Samaritan is following.
Then, How to "Treat my neighbors with mercy?"
A Catholic Father of Church elaborates it with Buddha's parable of "Seven ways how to be kind when you have nothing!".
1. Make a kind face;
2. Say kind words;
3. Share your good heart;
4. Look with love;
5. Help with your body
6. Give your way to the needy;
7. Help with no reason.
====================================
어떤 가난한 사람이 석가모니 부처님을 찾아뵙고 여쭈었다.
“저는 하는 일마다 되는 일이 없습니다. 이것은 무슨 까닭입니까?“
부처님이 말씀하셨다.
“그것은 네가 남에게 베풀지 않았기 때문이니라.”
가난한 사람이 말하였다.
“저는 아무 것도 가진 게 없는 빈 털털이입니다. 남에게 줄 것이 있어야 주지 뭘 준단 말입니까?”
부처님이 조용히 말씀하셨다.
“그렇지 않느니라. 아무리 재산이 없더라도 줄 수 있는 일곱 가지는 누구나 다 갖추고 있느니라.
첫째는 화안시(和顔施)니라.
얼굴에 화색을 띠고 부드럽고 정다운 얼굴로 남을 대하는 것이니라.
둘째는 언시(言施)니라.
말로써 얼마든지 베풀 수 있으니 사랑의 말, 칭찬의 말, 위로의 말, 격려의 말, 양보의 말, 부드러운 말이니라.
Ironically, their virtues make them vulnerable; they are often wounded, sometimes destroyed."
- Ernest Hemingway
This is a Life Irony.
I thought a lot about this and my tentative idea is 'This world is an 'experimental silo' to harden a good human soul for another purpose.
Without falling, we cannot learn how to stand. Without hurting, we cannot learn how to heal. Without disgusting, we cannot learn what is the beauty. Without paradox, we cannot transform.
A beautiful soul just needs to be persistent in this ironic experimental silo. Once the soul is sufficiently hardened, a mission awaits for it.
Recently, the CD (compact disc) is disappearing while the LP is emerging as a luxury good in MP3 era.
In management field of study, the traditional CD paradigm (Control & Demand) is transforming to LP paradigm (Listen and Persuade) in recent Industry 4.0 era.
As technology advances, "Humanistic Management" is becoming more essential.
"Management by Active Listening" practice in KFC, Chashan, Wenzhou, China.
Recently, I am enjoying my morning ritual at KFC, Chashan, Wenzhou, China. I enjoy a fresh-brewed coffee and a morning menu at the store.
Today (Oct. 20, 2016), I can hear a loud voice of an employee. She looks quite upset and almost shouts to her manager just beside my place. The manager, however, listens and listens and listens her furious voices with a great patience.
After 10~15 minutes, the upset voice gets smaller and smaller. Then, the manager started persuading her with a gentle and attentive tone. Gradually, the employee makes a few nods and she starts making laugh and smile.
I think it takes around 30 minutes that the manager listens first; persuades the angry employee; gets her back to her place with a smile.
Impressively again, I can observe that "Management by Active Listening" is working in anywhere in the world. ^^
A study indicates that the US college-educated employee's salary increases as the number of foreign-born H1B holders increases in a US city.
Contrasting to the general belief of "Immigrants steals US jobs", the study results tell the highly education foreign born STEM talents contribute creating high paying jobs in the US.
Michio Kaku, a physicists, argues that a powerful secret weapon of the US is H1B.
H1B attracts 'STEM Talents' from all over the world, and it creates and sustains the innovation capability of the US society.
However, I want to point out one missing step that transform a foreign born H1B holders to innovation makers in the US.
"Respect of the Diversity" is the root competency of the US society that attract worldwide STEM talents.
If the US society lose the source of attraction, the US society will encounter a significant discrepancy of 'innovation momentum', which would result in economic and social depression.
Diversity is a root source of attraction of a society. Let's respect, keep and elaborate it.
Jeonghwan Choi
PhD, MBA, ME
Skilled Foreign Workers a Boon to Pay, Study Finds
Research Shows Immigration Benefits for U.S.-Born, College-Educated Employees
"Want a pay raise? Ask your employer to hire more immigrant scientists.
That's the general conclusion of a study that examined wage data and immigration in 219 metropolitan areas from 1990 to 2010. Researchers found that cities seeing the biggest influx of foreign-born workers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics—the so-called STEM professions—saw wages climb fastest for the native-born, college-educated population."
Tonghap (Integral) Leadership Center is an institution of leadership development that strives to embody 1) breathful, 2) mindful, and 3) bodiful leadership in service to individuals, organizations, communities, nations, the earth, and the universe.
댓글을 달아 주세요